Cardinal
A cardinal is a senior Church official, usually a bishop, appointed personally by the Pope to advise him and, most notably, to elect his successor. Cardinals form what is known as the College of Cardinals.
A Title, Not a Sacrament
Unlike bishop or priest, cardinal is not a sacramental rank but an honorary title and office within Church governance, usually given to bishops who already lead major dioceses or head Vatican offices. A cardinal's red vestments traditionally symbolize a willingness to shed blood for the faith.
Electing the Pope
The College of Cardinals' most significant responsibility is electing a new Pope in a conclave following a papal death or resignation, though only cardinals under eighty may cast a vote. Cardinals also serve as the Pope's closest advisors on matters affecting the universal Church.
Related Saints
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a cardinal become Pope?
Yes, and in modern history nearly every Pope has been a cardinal at the time of election, though technically any baptized Catholic man is eligible.
Are all cardinals bishops?
Almost always today, though historically some cardinals were only priests. Any cardinal who is not already a bishop is ordained one upon appointment.