Gospel
One of the four New Testament books — Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John — that narrate the life, teaching, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ; also, more broadly, the "good news" of salvation they proclaim.
Four Accounts, One Story
The word "gospel" comes from an Old English translation of the Greek euangelion, "good news." The four canonical Gospels — Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John — each narrate the life of Jesus from a distinct vantage point and for a different original audience, rather than being four independent, conflicting biographies. Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called the "Synoptic" Gospels because they share so much common material and structure; John stands apart in style and content, with a more explicitly theological, reflective tone.
Why the Church Recognizes Exactly Four
Early Christian communities circulated numerous other gospel-like texts, but by the late second century the Church had settled on these four as authoritative, based on their apostolic origin (direct or close secondhand connection to Jesus' own apostles) and their consistent use in worship across widely separated churches. At Mass, the Gospel reading is treated with particular reverence — the congregation stands for it — reflecting its status as the direct record of Christ's own words and actions.
Frequently Asked Questions
What's the difference between the Synoptic Gospels and John?
Matthew, Mark, and Luke (the Synoptics) share extensive common material, structure, and wording, suggesting shared sources; John was written later, independently, with a more theological and reflective style and largely different content.
Why are there only four Gospels?
Other gospel-like texts existed in the early Church, but these four were recognized as authoritative based on their apostolic origin and consistent use across Christian communities by the late second century.